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Glossary Industry |
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| Agglomeration | A group of industries in the same location. |
| Brownfield site | An inner city derelict site which can be cleared and reused for building. |
| Business park | Mainly found on edge of greenfield sites. Usually over 70% of land is gardens. Ideal locations for high-tech industries. |
| By-products | What is left over when something is made. |
| Commercial | Used to describe the business activities of trading, buying or selling goods. |
| Commodity | Products produced for export. |
| Component | Parts of a product. |
| Containerisation | Goods being packed into large metal boxes for transport. |
| Core region | An area at the centre of economic activity. |
| Cumulative causation | Where one region of a country becomes increasingly the centre of economic activity. |
| Decentralisation | The movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban centres. |
| Deindustrialisation | The decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry. |
| Development area | Areas of high unemployment in the UK, where industry's encouraged by the government offering incentives. |
| Division of labour | Increased productivity by workers specialising in one particular part of the manufacturing process. |
| Enterprise zone | Areas of industrial decline and high unemployment in the UK where financial incentives are available to encourage investment and renewal. |
| Fixed Industry | One which is tied to a particular location. |
| Footloose industry | An industry which can set up in many different locations. |
| Globalisation | Where international business and trade is becoming more interconnected. |
| Government incentives | Include grants, labour subsidies, tax free periods, rent-free periods, etc. |
| Grant | Money paid to an industry towards the cost of new machinery, training, etc. These are given in development areas to attract new industry. |
| Greenfield sites | Greenfield land is a term used to describe a piece of undeveloped land, either currently used for agriculture or just left to nature. |
| Gross national product | (GNP) the total value of goods produced by a country's residents. |
| Gross national product per capita | (GNP) per capita. The total value of goods produced by a country divided by the total number of people. |
| Heavy industry | An industry which needs large raw materials and/or its product is large and bulky. |
| High-tech industry | These involve the use of research and development to create high value, technology-based products and processes. |
| Imports | Products brought from abroad. |
| Industrial estates | An area of land planned for industry. |
| Industrial inertia | Some industry survives in an area where it shouldn't because of the prestige of that area. |
| Infrastructure | Roads, power supply, sewerage. |
| Invisible trade | Trading products that cannot be seen. Eg. Tourism. |
| Land-locked | Country that has no port. |
| Light industry | Manufacturing industry which has light raw materials, components and finished product. |
| Multiplier effect | If new jobs are created people, spend more money in shops, which means more workers are neaded … |
| Overheads | Rent, wages, electricity, water … |
| Primary industry | Industry concerned with extracting natural resources from the ground or the sea. Eg. Fishing, mining … |
| Profits | Money left over when all overheads have been paid. |
| Quaternary industry | One which used modern technology to carry out research, handle information and give advice to other industry. |
| Raw materials | Things from which more complex things are made eg. Steel is made using coal, iron and limestone. |
| Science parks | Area, often located near universities, where high-tech industries are located. |
| Secondary industry | The manufacturing of goods using the raw materials from primary industry. |
| Service industry | Does not produce anything but involves work in the service sector eg. Banking, transport, health, tourism … (Tertiary industry) |
| Single product economy | A country (usually an LEDC) which relies on one, or very small number, of products. |
| Tertiary industry | Does not produce anything but involves work in the service sector eg. Banking, transport, health, tourism … (Service industry) |
| Trans-national corportaion | (TNC) Large companies which have many branches throughout the world. |
| Urban diseconomies | The rising costs to industry as cities increase in size, due to increasing cost of land and labour, traffic congestion, crime, etc. |
| Urban-rural shift | The movement of industry away from urban areas. |
