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Key Ideas - Coasts |
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Coastal Landscapes |
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Waves
are the result of the wind blowing over the sea.
They break as they approach land.
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| Swash and backwash describe the movement of a wave on the beach. | ||
| Fetch is the distance that the wind has travelled. | ||
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Sub-aerial processes
such as weathering and mass movement occur on the cliff
face.
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| Coastal processes of erosion include hydraulic action, attrition, corrosion and solution. | ||
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Landforms created by
erosion
include
headlands and bays,
caves,
arches,
stacks
and
stumps.
Longshore drift
is a method of coastal
transport.
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| Landforms created by deposition include beaches, spits, tombolos and bars. | ||
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Coastal Defence |
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Cliff recession is caused by
wave action
and
sub-aerial processes.
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Cliff recession can have major
economic
and
social
effects.
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Hard engineering solutions include sea walls, groynes,
revetments, rip rap and gabions.
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Soft engineering solutions include cliff drainage, beach nourishment and managed retreat. |
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| All sea defence schemes have advantages and disadvantages. | ||